...the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms had fallen or surrendered. Only the est Saxons modern essex held out under Alfred, the only English ruler to be called the Great.England as divided among the Vikings, the est Saxons, and a fe other English kingdoms for nearly 200 years. The Viking half as called the Danela under Danish la. The Vikings collected a large payment, called the Danegeld the Danes gold, to be peaceful. The Danes became Christians and gradually became more settled. In time the English turned on the Danes, and in 954 the last Viking king of York as killed. England as united for the first time under an English king from essex.In 1066 the itan kings council offered the cron to Harold, son of the Earl of essex. To others claimed the throne Harald Hardrada meaning the hard ruler, King of Noray, and Duke illiam of Normandy. The Noregian landed first, near York, but as defeated by Harold at the battle of Stamford Bridge. Immediately after the victory, Harold force-marched his army south to meet illiam at Hastings. The battle seesaed back and forth all day, but near dusk Harold as mortally ounded by an arro in the eye. Over the next to years, illiam, no the Conqueror, solidified his conquest of England.During the remainder of the Middle Ages, the successors of illiam largely exhausted themselves and their country in a series of confrontations and ars attempting to expand or defend land holdings in France. The Hundred Years ar beteen England and France as an on-and-off conflict that stretched from 1337 to 1453. It as triggered by an English kings claim to the throne of France, thanks to family intermarriages. The ar as also fought over control of the lucrative ool trade and French support for Scotlands independence. The early part of the ar featured a string of improbable, yet complete, English victories, thanks usually to English longbomen moing don hordes of ornately armored French knights from long range.The English could not bring the ar to closure, hoever, and the French rallied. Inspired by Joan of Arc, a peasant girl ho professed divine guidance, the French fought back, ending the ar ith the capture of Bordeaux in 1453. The English ere left holding only Calais on the mainland and not for long. 78aaZi à BphajUmHnHuajBUmHnHphu7aYZLMIFaFFFFFF
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