... of Geoffreys Historia . Arthur os depictedas a arrion on an epic scale and the story of his magic sord Excalibur , hich only he could extract from a rock , is incluted for the first time . An Arthurian tradition also developed in Europe , probably based on stories handeddon from the Celts , ho migrated to Brittany in the 5th and 6th centuries . By 1100Arthurian romances ere knon as far aay as Italy . Inspirated by chivalry and courtly love , they are more concerned ith the exploits of Arthurs knights than ith Arthur himself .The oldest of the French Arthurian romances is a series of 12th century poems by Chetien de Troyes . One introduces Lancelot , Arthurs chief knight and his rival for Guineveres love another poem about Percival see belo is the search for the Holy Grail , hich from then on as incorporated into the legend . Chretiens ork had great influence on later Arthurian romance , particulary early German versions , such as Erec and Lein , by the 12th - century poet Hartmann von Aue and the epic Parzifal c . 1210 0 , by olfram von Eschenbach . By the early 13th century the story of Tristan and Iseult or Tristan and Isolde , from another Celtic tradition , as added to the Arthurian legend . English Arthurian romances , datingfrom the 13th and 14th centuries , concerned individual knights Percival and Galahad , the Grail knights , and especially Gaain . The culminating masterpiece of these as anonymously ritten Sir Gaain and the Green Knight c. 1370 . A number of these ere retold , in English prose , by Thomas Malory in his Morte dArthur 1485 . On this book the poet Alfred , Lord Tennyson based his Idylls of the King 1859 1885 , an allegorical treatment of Victorian society . Many other riters have adapted the stories of Arthur and his knights and their great court at Camelot to contemporary tastes and themes . The poet Edmund Spenser used Arthur , as the perfect knight in his epic allegory of Elizabethan society , The Faerie Queene 1590 1599 . Mark Tain contrasted Ne England progressivism ith medieval society in his A Connecticut Yankee at King ArthursCours 1880 . The Once and Future king 4 vols . , 1939 s 1958 , by the English author T . H . hite , remains a idely read modern version of the legend . Music , too , shos the abiding interest in Arthurian stories from Parsifal by Richard agner 1882 to the Broaday musical Camelot 1960 , by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loee .Arthur fl . 6th century , semi legendary King of the Britons ho fought against the invading Anglo Saxons . Although some historias consider him a mythical figure , there is reason to believe that a historicsl Arthur may have led the long resistance of the Britons against the invaders some 7th century texts refer to a great arrior named Arthur . According to legend , Arthur as the son of Uther Pendragon , King of Britain . Kept in obscurity during childhood , he as suddenly presented to the people as their king , and valiant ruler . He cathered a great company of knights in his court promblems of precedence ere avoided by the use of a round table at gatherings . ith his queen , Guinevere , Arthur maintained a magnifecent court at the legendary Camelot perhaps the modern Caerleon on the southern border of ales , or the hill fort at South Cadbury in Somerset . His ars and victories extended to the continent of Europe , here he siccessfully defied the forces of the Roman Empire until he as called home because of the acts of his nephe Mordred , ho had rebelled and seized his kingdom . In the final battleof Canlan , in south estern England , the king and the traitorbothfell , pierced by each others spears . Arthur as mysteriously carried aay to the mythical island of Avalon to be healed of his grievous ound .The first allusion to Arthur is in the elsh poem Y Gododdin c. 600 . He is again mentioned id Historia Britonum c. 850 of the elsh historian Nennius fl. C. 800 the Annales Cambriae , in a 10th century manuscript , mentions him , giving 537 as the date of his death and the fully developed legend appears in the Historia Regum Britanniae c. 1139 of the English chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth . 79ACy35i24aHUa.UIaadhaaaaaaP1h. UC!nnia8i8NormalCJsHaJmHsHtHAiDefault Paragraph Font.Ui.HyperlinkBphaUa.U00000000000000000IIaIIaIa
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