... and the independence of the colonies1-Any European countries could no longer establish colonies in the North or South America2-The political systems of the Americans states ill be separate from those of Europe3-Any European attempt to influence the American justice or political administration ill be considerate as a threat to the peace and to the safety of American states4-The US government ould not interfere ith the European governments or their colonies.Since 1823, the year hen the Monroe Doctrine as rite and proclaimed, it as a very important document for the American legislation and for American relations ith other states. JOHN F. KENNEDYAlthough the Second orld ar as over in 1945, 2 big poerful nations, US and Soviet UnionSU, continued to develop many and poerful eapons for mass destruction.In 1952-1953 those 2 nations tested their first H-bombshydrogen-bombs, ho are many times more destructive then a regular atomic bomb. If they ere using those H-bombs they ere capable to destroy each other.To the end 1950s they had so many nuclear missiles that they could kill everybody on earth.It as ,beteen 2 poers , a balance of terror ith so many nuclear eapons. If one of 2 nations started a ar beteen them neither of them could in it , because they had an equal quantity of eapons.Because of this , Eisenhoer and Khrushchev anted to bury the axe of ar. So in may 1960 the 2 of them ere on they ay to a summit in Paris hen a US spy plane as shot don hen it as making photos to the military installation in SU. This act put an end to the talks before they had even started.After that incident, the next president of US as JFK, from 1961.In this period he as faced ith the crisis in Cuba. Fidel Castro seized poer in 1959, and nationalized the American assets and installed a communist government. Afraid that the communism might spread in America Eisenhoer sent 1400 anti-Castro Cubans in Cuba ,ho in matter of fe days they as all captured or killed in action.After that Khrushchev sent missiles to Cuba to help Castro. Alarmed Kennedy ordered a blocked to prevent the Soviet ships to arrive in Cuba ith the missiles, and ordered that the US long-range nuclear missiles to aim the SU. Because they didnt ant to generate am ar ,the SU president removed the missiles and Kennedy put an end to the blockade.In 1963 US,SU and Britain signed an LIMITED TEST BAN TREATY prohibiting nuclear tests in the atmosphere.On November 22, 1963 Kennedy as in Dallas ith his ife, hen he as Killed by an assassin .So the American nation lose one of the most dynamic and promising President. ABRAHAM LINCOLNHe as born in Kentucky, Hardin County in a house ith one room. He read all books ho could find on the frontier in spite of he ent to school just one year .Before to study the la he held many jobs he as store clerk , postmaster and many others. After he studied the la he became one of the best layers in the state.He made knon his vies about the slavery to the public hen he as elected to the Congress. In 1858 Abe ran for the Senate as a republican but he as defeated by Stephen Douglas. After that in 1860 he narroly defeated Douglas in the race for president.hen he tacked the office in 1861, many states had left the Union, and made a ne county the Confederate States of America. hen some soldiers fired on fort Sumter ho as held by the Union, that thing signaled the start of the Civil ar.This ar it as the biggest challenge that the ne nation had faced so far. The most important thing it as that the peoples didnt kno hat to do, because a part of northerners considered that the slavery isnt their problem and some southerners had not slaves on their properties .At the beginning of ar the north had many advantages over the south. They as 22 million in compared ith the south ho had just 9 million free population .In north it as many banks and money, and very important a more developed industry then the agricultural south, so they could produce a more quantity of eapons. It also they had a larger railroad system and navy.Despite these advantages the north army suffered many defeats in the first year , because the south as fighting on their on land, they as familiarized ith the land and besides they ere defeating their on homes. They as expert riders and riflemen, cause they had better officers.On January 1, 1863 Abe Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation. Using this act he freed the 3.5 million slaves in the southern states.The Union army under general grant took in 1863 an important stronghold of the Confederate army on Mississippi called Vicksburg .This cut off the supplies and soldiers coming from Virginia to Texas, and after 3 days of fierce fighting at Gettysburg in june 1863 the Confederate army as forced to retreat.Despite this victory the ar and Lincolns ay to abolition of slavery become very unpopular. Many northerners demanded a peaceful settlement of the conflict.At the end of 1864 the Union army closed in on the Confederates both from south and the north.So on April 9, 1865 the general Robert Lee , ho as the Confederate commander , as forced to surrender. The Civil ar came to an end after 4 years of bitter fighting and 635000 dead, the greatest loss of human lives in American history.Five days later President and Mrs. Lincoln ent to see a play at the ashington Theater. Angry ith the tyrant, an actor and a southern supporter, J.. Booth , shot Lincoln in the back of the head.Lincolns death the next morning stunned the nation. ith Lincoln died the hope for a peaceful reconstruction of he South .So in this ay USA loss an important political man. ARREN HARDINGHe as the first post ar president, being a republican. He had the belief that the government must to help and support the big business and companies. His motto as that a businessman had a lot of money he must to invest them in his company to extend it and to create ne jobs for population. arren Harding as the first post ar president ho had such policies. He promised to the nation in his election campaign to return the things to normality .hen he said that he meant supporting big business. He established a high tariff on imports, and in this ay he made the people to buy American things.In his period he created a federal budget system and restricted the immigration ith the Quota Act -1921.Internationally he orked at the orld peace. In 1921 at ashington he called a disarmament conference, and a plan as orked out limiting the orlds navies.His administration as overshadoed by the dishonesty of some of his appointees. He put many incompetent friends in key government position, ho made a lot of black deals.In 1923 he died suddenly on the est Coast during a trip that he and his ife ere making. After his death many stories about the members of his Cabinet came out, and so many of them ent to jail. 8vRoISbsARu ci CJHOJQJaJCJOJQJaJCJOJQJaJCJaOJQJaJaCJ OJaQJaaJ 89iABtssabcvxycRo!sIAiR...
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