...nvited delegates to come to Paris to discuss amateur sports at an international athletic congress. The conference hosted 78 delegates from nine countries. During the conference Coubertin used art and music ith classical themes to influence the delegates. hen he surprised them ith a proposal to revive the Olympian Games of classical times, they voted unanimously to begin the modern cycle. Coubertin anted the Olympic Games to feature both ancient and modern sports. The discus event, for instance, symbolized continuity ith the past, because the ancient Greeks had practiced the sport. Bicycle races, on the other hand, hich ere a more recent sporting innovation, represented modernity. The marathon race as meant to commemorate the distance from the ton of Marathon to Athens run by a Greek soldier in 490 BC to announce a Greek victory over the invading Persians, hich as slightly less than the current marathon distance of 42.2 km . The longest race of the ancient Olympics as about 1000 m . Instability in the Greek government threatened preparations for the 1896 Games, but Coubertin traveled to Athens and enlisted support from the Greek royal family to help organize the event. The program for the 1896 Games, comprising only summer events the inter Olympics ere not established until 1924, included about 300 athletes from feer than 15 countries competing in 43 events in nine different sports. In contrast, the program 100 years later for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, included more than 10,000 athletes from more than 190 countries competing in 271 events in 29 different sports. The Olympic Games have alays included a number of ceremonies, many of hich emphasize the themes of international friendship and peaceful cooperation. The opening ceremony has alays included the parade of nations, in hich the teams from each nation enter the main stadium as part of a procession. The Greek team alays enters first, to commemorate the ancient origins of the modern Games, and the team of the host nation alays enters last. The opening ceremony has evolved over the years into a complex extravaganza, ith music and speeches. It is eagerly anticipated and ell attended. The torch relay, in hich the Olympic Flame symbolizes the transmission of Olympic ideals from ancient Greece to the modern orld, as introduced as part of the opening ceremony at the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin. In the relay the torch is lit in Olympia, Greece, and is carried over several eeks or months from there to the host city by a series of runners. After the last runner has lit the Olympic Flame in the main Olympic stadium, the host countrys head of state declares the Games officially open, and doves are released to symbolize the hope of orld peace. To other important ceremonial innovations had appeared earlier at the 1920 Games in Anterp, Belgium. The Olympic Flag, ith its five interlocking rings of different colors against a hite background, as flon for the first time. The five rings represent unity among the nations of Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe. Another innovation occurring in 1920 as the first reciting of the Olympic Oath, taken in the name of all the athletes by a member of the hosts team. The oath asserts the athletes commitment to the ideals of sportsmanship in competition. Medal ceremonies are also an important part of the Games. After each individual event during the Games, medals are aarded in a ceremony to the first-, second-, and third-place finishers. The ceremony occurs after each event, hen these competitors mount a podium to receive gold actually gold-plated, silver silver-plated, and bronze medals. hile the national flags of all three competitors are hoisted, the national anthem of the inners country is played.BibliographySpiritul olimpic, Eugen CristeaOlimpiadele moderne, C. Teasca 2ISABstu0,-à5taBCJ OJaQJaaJ phBCJOJaQJaaJphCJBCJOJaQJaaJphBCJOJaQJaaJph5BCJOJa
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