...of sarsen stones once supported a continuous curving lintel hich in turn enclosed a u-shaped arrangement of five trilithons to uprights and a lintel.The entire assemblage is surrounded by a circular ditch 104 m 340 ft in diameter. On its inner side the ditch rises into a bank ithin hich is a ring of 56 pits knon as Aubrey holes after their discoverer, the antiquarian John Aubrey and used at a later stage as cremation burial pits. On the north-eastern side, the bank and ditch are intersected by the Avenue, a processional causeay 23 m 75 ft ide and nearly 3 km 2 mi long, bordered by a ditch. Near the entrance to the Avenue is the Slaughter Stone, a sarsen stone that may originally have stood upright. Almost opposite, and set ithin the Avenue, is the Heel Stone, hich may have played a part in sightings of the sunrise at the summer solstice.hISTORYStonehenge as built in several stages, probably beginning as a henge monument ritual enclosure surrounded by a bank and ditch and similar to many others in southern England. It as around 2200 BC that it took on its unique appearance, 82 bluestones being transported from the Preseli Mountains, in south-estern ales. The Altar Stone is believed to have come from a region near Milford Haven, Dyfed.Stonehenge as undoubtedly built by a people ho had idespread trade connections and ho established their principal settlements in the area beteen 1600 and 1300 BC. Its importance is reflected by the fact that the landscape around the monument is dotted by some 400 barros, circular mounds enclosing burials, dating from beteen 2000 and 1500 BC excavation of some of these barros has revealed rich grave goods as ell as chips of bluestone similar to that found in the concentric ranges.Stonehenge, EnglandStonehenge appears to have lost its importance as a ceremonial site at the end of the Bronze Age. It as desecrated sometime beteen 55 BC and AD 410 by the Romans, ho tore don a number of the upright stones. In addition, to uprights and a lintel est of the Altar Stone fell in January 1797, and another upright and its lintel fell in 1900. In 1958 these five stones ere raised, giving the monument the approximate appearance that it had during the Roman occupation of Britain. Shallo carvings found 1953 on some of the fallen stones depict bronze axeheads of a type used in Britain beteen 1600 and 1400 BC and a hilted dagger of a type used in Mycenae, Greece, beteen 1600 and 1500 BC.Calendrical Theory The function of Stonehenge has long been a matter of conjecture. It could have been used to predict the summer and inter solstices, the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, and eclipses of the sun and moon. It may also have functioned as a means of predicting the positions of the sun and moon relative to the Earth, and thereby the seasons, and perhaps also as a calendar. As such it might have been the gathering place for religious ceremonies connected ith the sun and moon. At Stonehenge as at other Bronze Age sites, the emphasis on the circle may also reflect the circular nature of birth and death, and the passage of the seasons.afootnote continuedPAGE 4PAGE 3 .........aOY8DFQT !ibdKMRTxz012356 aa0J,mHnHu0J,aj0J,U6CJajUCJhaj3Um
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