...xtended deployment in far-aay places.They ere intended to out-class local defense boats, and notmuch else. Much as sacrificed to give them long-term speedend endurance. They ere not intended to have a role in a majorbattle.Heavy cruiserThis class has a dual role. It as intended to reinforce thelight cruisers in the colonies, providing a heavier punch andmore armor, and also to be scouting elements in major fleetbattles.Ship-of-the-linepre-dreadnoughtdreadn
oughtbattleshiphile the names change, the purpose remained the same a shipthat brings heavy guns close to the enemy and destroys him. Italso as much used for off-shore bombardment, and for shipsof the line, minor invasions. A complement of 300-400 marinesand 600 sailors alloed a ship of the line to land up to 750fighting men at any desired point. Small squadrons of theseships could and did take over tons, attack fortresses bysurprise, and generally make life miserable for the defense.The pre-dreadnought as a battleship ith a limited numberusually 4 of heavy guns, numerous lighter guns secondaryand tertiary armament, and heavy armor on vital portionsof the ship. They ere hard to kill, even for themselves, asthey had only a fe guns that could penetrate the armor oftheir peers.The dreadnought as introduced in an article in Janes FightingShips by an Italian designer, ho received permission to publishhis design after the Italian government decided that it astoo large and expensive for them. The designconcept as seizedupon by First Sea Lord Jacky Fisher, ho rushed completion ofthe first ship, the Dreadnought, through in only 1 year. Anamazing feat and a major record The Dreadnought gave itsname to the entire type of ship, having 8-12 large calibreguns, fe secondary tertiary eapons, and good armor. Ascan be guessed, the threat posed by torpedo boats had diminishedconsiderably, mostly ith the quiet abandonment of the policyof close blockade, and the advent of the destroyerThe battleship of the 1918-1945 period as faster, and carrieda ne AA capacity, especially in the latter years of the period.After 1945, the class died out except for 4 shipsFor our purposes, a battleship 1 is a ship of the line, abattleship 2 is a pre-dreadnought, a battleship 3 is adreadnought, and a battleship 4 is hat as called a battleshipor sometimes super-dreadnought.BattlecruiserThese special ships existed in the 1905-1920 period, prior tothe idespread introduction of oil fuel. They had full battle-ship guns, and a large speed advantage over the battleships,but very little armor. They ere initially the pet project ofFirst Sea Lord Jacky Fisher, ho intended them to both killthe heavyarmored cruisers of the time, and to scout for thebattleships. ith their heavy armament and name, theirfunction inevitably blurred, and they ere used in combatagainst full-fledged battleships, here they died like flies.ith this and ith the introduction of oil fuel, hich madebattleships their equal in speed, they ere phased out.AS CruiserThese ships came into being in the 1965-present period in response to a need for a large AS ship to carry AS helicoptersand command equipment. It typically carries full AS armament,as ell as a minor ASu capability.Missile boatMissile frigateMissile cruiserThese ships range in size from 100t missile boats the modernreplacement for the torpedo-boat to the 6000-8000t missilecruiser. They all are designed to bring missiles to bear onthe enemy. The first successful missile boats ere Egyptian,and used against the Israelis in the 1967 Arab-Israeli arThe missile frigate and cruiser also serve as SAM ships.Landing craftThese ships are relatively unique, being used mainly in the1942-1950 period. Before that, landings ere carried out by frigates, ships-of-the-line, light heavy cruisers, pre-dreadnoughts, all of hich could land a large number ofmen. ith the introduction of the concept of beach-defense bythe Germans, these ships ere invented to get large numbers ofmen on the beaches quickly. After 1950, their functions erelargely assumed by the helicopter.Aircraft carrierlight carrierescort carrierThese ships are designed for various purposes. At first,carriers concentrated on scouting for the battleships. Later,it as proved that airplanes could sink battleships Thanks toBilly Mitchell here, and the emphasis moved to all-around seacontrol. Still later, ith the disappearance of the battleship,a large poer-projection capacity as added.Light carriers ere simply smaller versions of the large orfleet carriers, and ere used for the same duties.Escort carriers ere usually hastily converted merchantmen,and carried small numbers of fighters and AS planes. Somemerchantment, in fact, ere equipped ith 1 fighter and atemporary catapult. hen threatened by enemy planes, thefighter took off. hen it as done, it ditched, and the pilotas theoretically picked up by the merchant ships convoy.This as used several times, and orked!SubmarineThe submarine as originally intended, in the 1900-1910 period,to fill the same role as the torpedo boat, using stealth toget to the battleships instead of speed. It as a strictlydefensive eapon, ithout much speed or endurance. In the 1910-1925 period, the sub as much enlarged, and use ina combination anti-battleship sank at least 20anti-commercerole. Endurance as much improved, and the sub could nooperate a long distance from its home port.In the 1925-1945 period, the sub steadily gre large and morecapable, gaining mostly in speed, sonar ability, and endurance.After 1945, nuclear poer vastly increased the subs endurance,making it effectively infinite. Sonar as also vastly improved,and removed the reliance upon the periscope. The subs armamentas also vastly improved ith the addition of the SLM SLBM.MineseeperUsually converted fishing vessels, small, and expendable. Theyfound and destroyed mines ith a variety of tricks, includingcables magnetism. Bibliography http.empire.cxinfopagesship-types.htmlàaasa uPacaa
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