Dezvoltarea capitalismului in tarile avansate ale Europei in prima perioada a epocii moderne ...ekind1tviescale100tpgbrdrheadtpgbrdrfoottsplytnine tftnlytninethtmautsptnolnhtadjtbltuseltbalntalntbli ndtlytcalctbldtlyttblrtgrtlnbrkruletrsidroot4205267 tfet0tltrpar tsectd tltrsecttsbknonetlinex0tsectdefaultcltsftnbj Ittpnseclvl1tpnucrmtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tpnha ng Itpntxta .SSIttpnseclvl2tpnucltrtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720t pnhang Itpntxta .SSIttpnseclvl3tpndectpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tpn hang Itpntxta .SSIttpnseclvl4tpnlcltrtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720t pnhang Itpntxta SSIttpnseclvl5tpndectpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tpnh ang Itpntxtb SItpntxta SSIttpnseclvl6tpnlcltrtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tp nhang Itpntxtb SItpntxta SSIttpnseclvl7tpnlcrmtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tpn hang Itpntxtb SItpntxta SSIttpnseclvl8tpnlcltrtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tp nhang Itpntxtb SItpntxta SSIttpnseclvl9tpnlcrmtpnqctpnstart1tpnindent720tpn hang Itpntxtb SItpntxta SStpardtplain tltrpartqj tfi567tli0tri0tsl-400tslmult0tidctlpartfaautotrin0 tlin0titap0 tcbpat8 trtlchtfcs1 taf0tafs24talang1025 tltrchtfcs0 tfs24tlang1049tlangfe1049tcgridtlangnp1049tlangfen p1049 Itrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tinsrsid4205267 tpar Stpard tltrpartqc tfi567tli0tri0tsl-400tslmult0tidctlpartfaautotrin0 tlin0titap0 tcbpat8 Itrtlchtfcs1 tabtaf46tafs19 tltrchtfcs0 tbtf46tcf17tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid 4205267 DEZVOLTAREA CAPITALISMULUI tceN tdetc3RILE AVANSATE ALE EUROPEI tceN PRIMA PERIOADtc3 A EPOCII MODERNESItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205267 tpar Stpard tltrpartqj tfi567tli0tri0tsl-400tslmult0tidctlpartfaautotrin0 tlin0titap0 tcbpat8 Itrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 Prima perioadte3 a epocii moderne se caracterizeazte3 printr-o mare diversitate de orientte3ri teen dezvoltarea economicte3 a tfete3rilor, dar elementul caracteristic principal pentru acestea a fost extinderea relatfeiilor capitaliste.SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205267 tpar SItrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 Pte2nte3 la mijlocul sec. al XVII-lea capitalismul era preponderent comercial. Intensificarea schimbului de mte3rfuri a contribuit la dezvoltarea industriei,, teen evul mediu productfeia industrialte3 se obtfeinea teen ateliere mici metbatetbaugte3retbati, teen epoca modernte3 apar forme mai complexe de organizare a muncii de manufacturte3. Fiind teentreprinderi capitaliste, manufacturile teentrunesc un numte3r mare de muncitori speciat-lizatfei teen anumite operatfeii de realizare a produsului finit. Specializarea productfeiei a impus necesitatea perfectfeionte3rii uneltelor, care nu numai cte3 erau perfectfeionate, dar tbai teenlocuite cu altele noi, apte3rute teen urma inventfeiilor tehnice. Matbainile substituie munca manualte3 cu cea mecanizatte3. O importantfete3 deosebitte3 a avut aparitfeia matbainii cu aburi. Trecerea de la manufacturte3 la productfeia bazatte3 pe folosirea matbainilor a deschis calea spre revolutfeia industrialte3. Aceasta a contribuit la sporirea considerabilte3 a productfeiei, teen afirmarea relatfeiilor capitaliste un rol determinant l-au avut factorii politici biruintfea burgheziei asupra nobilimii feudale tbai instaurarea principiilor moderne de guvernare a societte3tfeii.SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205267 tpar SItrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 Datoritte3 victoriei revolutfeiilor europene, economia tfete3rilor a teenceput ste3 se dezvolte rapid, SItrtlchtfcs1 taitaf1tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 titf1tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid42 05267 teen Anglia SItrtlchtfcs1 taf1tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid4205 267 deSItrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 ja la sfte2rtbaitul sec. al XVII-lea -prima jumte3tate a sec. al XVIII- lea volumul productfeiei manufacturiere cretbate substantfeial. Deoarece principala ei ramurte3 era prelucrarea lte2nii, tfete3ranii erau deposedatfei de pte3mte2nt, teen continuare el fiind transformat teen pte3tbaune. Ruinte2ndu-se, ei plecau teen cte3utare de lucru la oratba, complette2nd rte2ndurile muncitorilor. Astfel s-a petrecut revolutfeia agrarte3, care se caract-terizeazte3 prin transformarea teentregii propriette3tfei funciare teen proprietate de tip capit-talist. Parcejele micilor producte3tori au fost comasate, teentregind pte3mte2ntul marilor proprietari, teen aceastte3 perioadte3 s-a intensificat tbai expansiunea colonialte3. Exploatarea coloniilor a devenit un izvor important de teembogte3tfeire a claselor dominante engleze. Alt izvor, de asemenea teensemnat, de acumulare a capitalului era negotfeul cu robi. Concentrarea unor capitaluri mari teen mte2inile burgheziei tbai a noii nobilimi, rezervele de fortfete3 de muncte3 tbai de materie primte3 colonialte3 ieftine au teenlesnit dezvoltarea prot-ductfeiei capitaliste.SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205267 tpar SItrtlchtfcs1 taf1tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid4205 267 Toate acestea SItrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 au creat conditfeii favorabile pentru trecerea teen Anglia teen anii 60 ai sec. al XVIII-lea de la productfeia manufacturierte3 la cea de fabricte3. Aceasta a devenit posSItrtlchtfcs1 taf1tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tcf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205 267 iSItrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 bil tbai datoritte3 noilor conditfeii tehnice de productfeie a apte3rut matbaina cuSItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205267 tpar tpar SItrtlchtfcs1 taf46tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 aburi tbai alte inventfeii tehnice, diviziunea muncii teen productfeia manufacturierte3 treptat a creat premise pentru teenlocuirea muncii manuale cu matbaina. Acest proces a intrat teen istorie sub denumirea de revolutfeie industrialte3. El a dus la cretbaterea extraordinarte3 a productfeiei industriale teen toate ramurile economiei tbai s-a finisat la rte3scrucea secolelor XVIII-XIX.SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1033tlangfe1049tlangnp1033tinsrsid4205267 tpar SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid420 5267 teen tfete3rile Europei continentale revolutfeia industrialte3 s-a teenfte3ptuit teen prima jumte3tate a sec. XIX-lea, teencepte2nd abia teen anii 20 - 30, iar teen Rusia iobte3gistte3 tbai mai tte2rziu.SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0 tltrchtfcs0 tf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid4205267 tpar SItrtlchtfcs1 taitaf0tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 titf1tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid42 05267 teen FSItrtlchtfcs1 taitaf0tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 titf46tcf1tlang1048tlangfe1049tlangnp1048tinsrsid4 205267 rantfea SItrtlchtfcs1 taf0tafs20 tltrchtfcs0 tf46tcf... Download |